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Table 1 Changes in mRNA expression levels of metabolism-related genes in HepG2-tet-off-hPPAR cells by ligands. Microarray analyses were performed on HepG2-tet-off-hPPAR cells; the cells were cultured in the presence (Dox) or absence of Dox for 5 days. In the absence of Dox, the cells were treated with PPAR ligands (100 μM fenofibric acid for PPARα (Feno), 100 nM GW501516 for PPARδ (GW) or 10 μM ciglitizone for PPARγ (Cig)) or vehicle (DMSO) for 24 h. Gene expression profiles were compared between DMSO and Dox (DMSO versus Dox), ligands and Dox (Feno versus Dox, GW versus Dox, and Cig versus Dox were indicated in the case of PPARα, PPARδ and PPARγ, respectively) or ligands and DMSO (Feno versus DMSO, GW versus DMSO, and Cig versus DMSO were indicated in the case of PPARα, PPARδ and PPARγ, respectively). Samples were analysed using GeneChip® software Microarray Suite (MAS) Ver.5.0 (Affymetrix).

From: Gene expression profiling of potential peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) target genes in human hepatoblastoma cell lines inducibly expressing different PPAR isoforms

Gene

Genbank accession No.

PPARα

PPARδ

PPARγ1

PPARγ2

  

Fold change

Fold change

Fold change

Fold change

  

DMSO vs. Dox

Feno vs. Dox

Feno vs. DMSO

DMSO vs. Dox

GW vs. Dox

GW vs. DMSO

DMSO vs. Dox

Cig vs. Dox

Cig vs. DMSO

DMSO vs. Dox

Cig vs. Dox

Cig vs. DMSO

Fatty acid metabolism

             

acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1

NM_001995

1.84

3.49

1.90

0.82

1.72

2.09

0.88

2.30

2.60

0.82

1.00

1.23

carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (liver)

NM_001876

1.48

2.86

1.93

0.37

2.05

5.60

0.74

1.35

1.83

1.12

1.24

1.10

solute carrier family 25 (carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase), member 20

NM_000387

1.20

2.23

1.85

0.91

1.36

1.50

0.83

0.93

1.12

1.04

1.27

1.22

acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, very long chain

NM_000018

2.16

3.46

1.60

0.92

2.69

2.93

1.36

1.97

1.45

1.55

2.33

1.50

acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, C-4 to C-12 straight chain

NM_000016

1.62

2.52

1.56

0.64

2.03

3.16

1.24

1.48

1.20

1.40

1.80

1.29

hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-Coenzyme A thiolase/enoyl-Coenzyme A hydratase (trifunctional protein), alpha subunit

NM_000182

1.48

2.43

1.65

0.89

1.49

1.66

1.34

1.62

1.21

1.41

2.29

1.62

hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-Coenzyme A thiolase/enoyl-Coenzyme A hydratase (trifunctional protein), beta subunit

NM_000183

1.74

2.66

1.53

0.95

1.30

1.36

1.17

1.49

1.27

1.14

1.62

1.42

acetyl-Coenzyme A acyltransferase 2 (mitochondrial 3-oxoacyl-Coenzyme A thiolase)

NM_006111

1.58

1.92

1.21

1.06

1.63

1.53

0.89

1.31

1.47

1.18

2.44

2.06

acetyl-Coenzyme A acyltransferase 1 (peroxisomal 3-oxoacyl-Coenzyme A thiolase)

NM_001607

1.42

1.62

1.14

0.68

1.47

2.15

1.22

2.07

1.70

1.42

2.01

1.41

enoyl Coenzyme A hydratase 1, peroxisomal

NM_001398

2.28

2.61

1.15

0.99

2.05

2.07

1.16

1.46

1.26

1.44

1.98

1.38

Antioxidant

             

catalase

NM_001752

1.51

2.36

1.56

0.68

1.45

2.13

1.06

1.54

1.45

1.69

2.59

1.53

vanin 1

NM_004666

5.07

12.92

2.55

0.68

1.91

2.80

2.42

6.02

2.49

1.77

5.70

3.23

Ketogenesis

             

3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A synthase 2 (mitochondrial)

NM_005518

32.40

156.62

4.83

1.13

2.51

2.22

2.14

6.57

3.07

2.20

6.53

2.96

Transport/strage

             

fatty acid binding protein 1, liver

NM_001443

1.39

2.08

1.50

0.18

1.33

7.57

2.73

6.52

2.39

3.52

10.44

2.96

adipose differentiation-related protein

NM_001122

1.96

3.44

1.75

0.22

2.90

13.02

3.33

6.06

1.82

3.40

5.73

1.68

C-terminal linking and modulating protein/PDZ domain containing 1

NM_002614

2.16

3.02

1.40

0.52

2.85

5.45

1.03

2.42

2.34

1.98

3.21

1.62

lipase, hepatic

NM_000236

8.34

10.39

1.25

0.72

2.89

4.00

1.08

2.47

2.28

1.64

3.99

2.44

Gluconeogenesis

             

aquaporin 3

NM_004925

3.00

5.86

1.95

0.26

1.91

7.38

1.58

3.41

2.16

1.38

3.09

2.24

glycerol kinase

NM_000167

0.87

1.57

1.79

0.73

0.79

1.08

1.00

1.21

1.21

1.84

3.17

1.73

phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (soluble)

NM_002591

6.39

17.90

2.80

0.83

4.64

5.56

6.94

29.19

4.20

34.46

110.78

3.21

Metabolism

             

angiopoietin-like protein 4

NM_016109

1.71

17.97

10.54

3.00

25.67

8.56

1.24

7.27

5.84

3.88

33.56

8.66

heme oxygenase (decycling) 1

NM_002133

1.25

2.21

1.77

0.66

1.25

1.90

1.31

2.20

1.68

2.18

4.20

1.93

biliverdin reductase B (flavin reductase (NADPH))

NM_000713

1.07

1.65

1.55

0.84

0.86

1.03

0.87

1.58

1.81

1.36

4.03

2.97

sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 2A, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) -preferring, member 1

NM_003167

2.61

2.86

1.10

0.70

2.08

2.98

0.95

1.76

1.85

1.71

1.68

0.98

abhydrolase domain containing 3

NM_138340

1.68

3.51

2.08

0.54

2.16

3.96

1.76

3.30

1.88

2.01

3.99

1.99

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Nuclear Receptor

ISSN: 1478-1336